Ethnographies

Group 8

·         Della safitri

·         Desi Nori Sahputri

·         Febti Mahani Batubara

According to Hymes (1974) An ethnography of a communicative event is a description of all the factors that are relevant in understanding how that particular communicative event achieves its objectives.The Ethnography of communication is the a method of discourse analysis in linguistics, which draws on the anthropological field of ethnography.Ethnography is alternately botha research methodology anda way of writing up research.The study of single group through direct contact with their culture.

The aim of ethnomethodology is to study the processes of sense making (idealizingand formulizing).Ethnomethodology is a branch of the social science which is concerned with exploring how people interact with the world and make sense of reality

Varieties of Talk

Speech is used in differentways among differentgroups of people. Eachgroup has its own norms oflinguistic behavior.For example:

·         The Western Apache of East-Central Arizona choose to be silent when there is a strong possibility that such uncertainty exists.They are silent on ‘meeting strangers’ whether these are fellow Western Apache or complete outsiders; and strangers, too, are expected to be silent.

·         In Antigua, people speak because they must assert themselves through language. They do not consider as interruptions behavior that we would consider being either interruptive or even disruptive. Reisman says that in Antigua ‘ to enter a conversation one must assert one’s presence rather than participate in something formalized as an exchange.

·         Subanun of the Philippines, who employ certain kinds of speech in drinking encounters. Such encounters are very important for gaining prestige for resolving disputes.Frake (1964) has described how to talk, what he calls ‘drinking talk’, proceeds in such encounters, from the initial invitation to partake of drink, to the selection of proper topics for discussion as drinking proceeds competitively, and finally to displays of verbal art that accompany heavy, ‘successful’ drinking.