Talk and Action

Group 10

·         Mike Yulfa Acmi

·         Nabila Firda

Speech Act

1.      Locutionary Act: A locutionary act refers to the saying of something which containts meaning and permits to be understood.

For example:

Read the poem.Here the speaker does the act of saying and the hearer understands the words ‘read’ the ‘poem’ and is able to recognize the poem reffered to.

2.      Illucotionary Act : When we speak or write an utterance or a sentence to accomplish a function,it is called an illocutionary act.This is an illocutionary act means an act performed in saying something.

For Example:

Shut the door.This utterance may be intended as an order or a request or the like

3.      Perlocutionary Act: A perlocutionary act is the result or effect produced by means of saying something.

For Example:

(He persuaded me to)learn English

Cooperation

Cooperation can be understood as an essential factor when speakers and listeners are interacting,in other words,it is the expectation that the listener has towards the speaker.The speaker is supposed to convey true statements and say nothing more than what is required.When the people talk each other,they try to converse smoothly and successfully.Cooperation is the basis of successful conversations.

In the Cooperation,there are Maxims of speech,there are:

1.      Quantity.Example: If you are assisting me to mend a car, I expect your contribution to be neither more nor less than is required; if, for example, at a particular stage I need four screws, I expect you to hand me four, rather than two or six.

2.      Quality.Example I expect your contributions to be genuine and not spurious. If I need sugar as an ingredient in the cake you are assisting me to make, I do not expect you to hand me salt; if I need a spoon, I do not expect a trick spoon made of rubber.

3.      Relation.Example: I expect a partner’s contribution to be appropriate to immediate needs at each stage of the transaction; if I am mixing ingredients for a cake, I do not expect to be handed a good book, or even an oven cloth (though this might be an appropriate contribution at a later stage).

4.      Manner.Example:I expect a partner to make it clear what contribution he is making, and to execute his performance with reasonable dispatch.

Conversation

The basic assumption in conversation is that the participants are adhearing to the cooperative principle and the maxim.

For example:

Wife : I hope you brought the bread and the cheese

Husband : Ah,I brought the bread

In this case.the husband does not mention the cheese.Then,he must intend that the wife infers what is not mentioned was not brought.The husband has convey more than he has said via a conversational implicature